These days, I read the articles and books which are talking about open pedagogy, and I have had a clearer concept about what is open pedagogy and the history of open pedagogy. During the years, the notions of open in relation to education have changed a lot, which, according to research, can be found dating back to the 1960s. In 1960s, Open education in schools appeared as the first kind of open pedagogy. Then,  Distance education & open learning, E-learning & online education, Open access publishing, OER, Open practices and Social media appeared in sequence. In  2010 or so, MOOCs appeared as the newest kind of open pedagogy. (Jordan, K., & Weller, M 2017) I was surprised to learn that the notion of open pedagogy appeared in such an early period. Before, I thought that open pedagogy was the same as digital pedagogy. Now I realize, digital pedagogy is merely one of the form of open pedagogy. In fact, open pedagogy means a kind of pedagogy that gives student much more freedom. Nowadays, the internet develops quickly, enabling the information and knowledge to circulate all over the world online. The information an knowledge online can be easily accessed to everyone. Therefore, the appearance of the internet has greatly support the development of open pedagogy. Firstly, the students can learn the courses online wherever and whenever they want. Also, they can access all kinds of learning resources online through database. Besides, the social media like Twitter improves the communication between people. As a result, digital pedagogy seems to be a production of open pedagogy in the 21st century.

Read Claire Howell Major. (2015). Teaching Online – A Guide to Theory, Research, and Practice. Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uvic/detail.action?docID=3318874 (pp. 88-105)
Read Jordan, K., & Weller, M. (2017). Jordan, K. & Weller, M. (2017) Openness and Education: A beginners’ guide. Global OER Graduate Network.